A modern hoarder

Q1. Your friend needs a lift to the airport. You're not busy and have a car.
        What do you say to her?
A1. I'm not busy this afternoon. I'll drive you to the airport.


Q2. Are you going to go home as soon as the class finishes?
A2. Yes, I am.
       I'm going to go home after the class finishes
       unless professor. Kim lets me work on his stuff.

       No. I'm not. I didn't bring my house key and my room mate might get home after 6 o'clock. So I'm going to go somewhere for killing to kill time before she gets home.

Q3. Is your country likely to get a new leader in the next twelve months?
A3. It's not likely that we'll get a new leader in the next twelve months.

Q4. After you get home, what will you do?
A4. I will probably go to bed right away.

       I am doing my homework.

       I will possibly drink some beer because Sam mentioned one of great beer what that he have drunk  tried a while ago.

Q5. What do you think the weather will be like next week?
A5. I heard the weather forecast this afternoon.
       It's likely that we'll have a bit of rain during the next week.

       Usually in July, we have the summer monsoon.
       So I think there will definitely be rain definitely next week.

       I'm not sure but It would might rain.

Q6. Are you doing anything interesting this weekend?
A6. I am going to the theater. I've got a free ticket of  for Gisele.

Q7. What's the next book you're going to read?
A7. I'm going to read the Outliers written by Malcolm Galdwell.
       I've bought it before but I haven't had enough time to read it.
       It's still on my to do list and on my mind.
       So i'm going to read it away all as soon as possible.

Q8. How many children do you think you'll have?
A8. I haven't think  thought about it seriously.
       But If I got get married, I would(will) have 1 or 2 kids.
        *would: more imaginary. (가능성이 아직은 적다면...)
           will: more possibly (가능성이 꽤 있다면)

       I'm not sure, but I will probably have 2.

       I discussed that issue with my husband  yesterday.
       and I'm just having just 1 child after I finish my postgraduate course.

Q9. How long are you going to study English?
A9. I will keep studying English until I get high score of about 7.5 in speaking band of the IELTS exam.
   
       I am going to study English until I become speak fluently.
   

Q10. How long is it until the break or the end of the lesson?
A10. The lesson ends at 10 o'clock. So it left 5 minutes until than. There are 5 minutes left. 

Future forms; plans, intentions and decisions

Forms	Rules	Examples
Present simple	A future time table Or Schedule Ex) Flight schedule, TV programme, Itineraries...	ŸThe plane lands very early on Friday morning. ŸMy last bus home goes at five past midnight. The course starts in September.  We arrive at 6 am at Milan airport.
	After conjunctions ; when/as soon as/after/in case	Ÿ As soon as we get there, I think. I always carry a torch in my bag in case I need it. Let's get together as soon as you arrive.
Present continuous	For A definite arrangement Ex)이미 (타인과) 확정된 약속, 회의, 예약이 된 사항들.	ŸA: Are you doing anything interesting next summer?  B: Yes, we are going to NZ in July. ŸWe are going to Venezuela on holiday this year. I booked yesterday. ŸOn Saturday, I’m meeting some friends for lunch.
Be going to Be planning to Be hoping to Be thinking of ~ing	A general INTENTION which the speaker has thought about BEFORE.  A general plans, arrangement and intention(Not definite arrangement) *Prediction is based on present EVIDENCE or something that has already started, use 'BE GOING TO'.	Ÿ In the future, I’m going to use English to get a better job. I'm going to look for a job after arriving in Kuala Lumpur.  ŸMichael is thinking of going on a trek to Machu Picchu in Peru. ŸHe is hoping to ask people to sponsor him for charity. Are you thinking of leaving the company? Look at those clouds, It's going to rain.  Lisa' going to have a baby.(the pregnancy has started)
will (won't)	for a DECISION which speaker has JUST MADE (to talk about NEW decisions made AT THE MOMENT of speaking)	ŸI don’t know. I’ll check with Tess. ŸThere’s no lesson next week? In that case, I’ll stay at home and study. I'm tired. I think I'll go to bed now.
	for PREDICTING  with...  ‘think/expect/hope/know/reckon/ guess/be sure/maybe/perhaps) (Based on OPINION) 'definitely/certainly/possibly/ probably' (Based on how certain you are)	Ÿ I expect it will be quite hard work. ŸI think, it will rain this weekend (speaker’s opinion) ŸI expect Sara will be late as usual.  We’ll probably go camping, but we’re not sure. Jodie and Al will probably get divorced soon.  You definitely won't get a ticket now. they'll be sold out.
	Strong promise or willing	Ÿ Will you marry me?
be likely to	PROBABLE intention or prediction *strong possibility; may well/there's a good chance that/ be likely to/be likely that	ŸIt’s in Thailand, and it says here, ‘It’s likely to rain every afternoon, but expect to walk twenty kilometres a day, rain or shine.’ I’m not likely to live abroad in the future. I'm likely to be/it's likely that I'll be tired after the journey.  It's likely that I'll caught a cold after running while it rains.  The internet may well mean the end of printed newspapers. There's a good chance that Brazil will win the cup.
might/could	an intention or prediction that is NOT CERTAIN (base on OPINION)	We might go to Ukraine this year, we haven’t decided yet.

1. Vocabulary

  (1) niche industry: 틈새 산업
  (2) buzzword: 유행어
  (3) flop out: 때려 눕히다. little or no energy
       *flopout beach holiday
  (4) poignant: 가슴 아픈
  (5) obscure: 잘 알려져 있지 않은, 무명의
  (6) like-minded: 생각이 비슷한
        =similar outlook
        =feel the same about something
  (7) masses of: 다량의, 대량의
        *There's masses of bird-watching holidays.
  (8) peg: 못, 핀
        *These are all pegs around which we can build a holiday.

2. Expression

   (1) It's not my cup of tea ; 내 취향이 아니다.
         = It doesn't appeal to me.
    (2)Let's start by turning to you first. ; 너부터 시작해서 돌아가면서 하자.
    (3)what does it mean to you? 너한텐 어떤 의미니?
   

원본 출처: British council blog

1. Had better vs should : ~ 하는게 좋겠어. 

 
    had better: use for negative situations or cosequences
    should: recommend, advice

    (1)추천의 의미로 말하고 싶다면 should를 사용
    (2)하지 않는게 좋아', '협박' 또는 '경고'의 의미로 사용하려면 had better를 사용!
         ; You'd better not ~
            You'd better take an umbrella or you'll get wet.

2. Could vs should: 선택과 제안

 
     (1) could: a choice 
         ; You could talk to her or you could sit here and cry.
     (2) should: advice

3. should vs have to : ~해야 한다. 

    have to is stronger advice than should.

원본 출처: British council blog




1. I had a funny time(x)  -> I had a fun time.(O)
    funny:something that make me laugh
      e.g) A funny comedian
             A funny comedy film
    fun: something amusing/enjoyable
 


2. I played with my friends(x)   ->  I hung out with my friends(O)
    children: play with friends
    adults: hang out with friends
    * play with 는 아이들 또는 개와 놀아줄 때 쓴다는...ㅎ ㄷ ㄷ ㄷ

원문 출처: british council blog

한국인이 흔히 잘못 쓰는 phases

1. Nice to meet you(X)   ->   Nice to see you(O)
    meet은 처음 만났을 때 사용.
    즉, '처음 만나서 반갑습니다.' 의역하면 '처음 뵙겠습니다'의 의미
    see는 아는 사람들끼리 만나서 하는 인사.
    '반가워~'

     문제는, 중학교 때부터 'nice to meet you' 이게 완전 머리에 새겨져서
     nice 대신 다른 단어를 거의 안쓰게 된다는 점.
     'Lovely to meet you'
     'Good to meet you'
      같은 것으로 바꿔서 쓰려고 노력해보자.

2. Do you know sth?(X)   -> Do you know about sth? (O)
     e.g) Do you know about 산낙지?
            Do you know about Max's bad teaching?

    cf) Do you know sbd(O)?
         ; Do you know Max?
            Do you know Korean?

3. How do you think(X) -> What do you think (about my idea)? (O)
    이게 젤 헷갈린다.
     한국말로 '너는 어떻게 생각해?'라는 말을 하려고 하다보니
     어떻게=How
     이런 사고의 흐름으로 자꾸 how를 무의식 중에 쓰는 것 같다.
     그러나 사실은 '나의 생각' 혹은 '너의 생각'을 묻는 것이니
     What을 쓰는 것이 아닌가 혼자 추측해 본다.

원본출처: British council blog

Collocations의 종류

 1. Verb + Noun : See a movie
 2. Adjective + Noun: Great weather
 3. Verb + Preposition: talk about

Collocations 와 관련된 한국인이 잘못 쓰는 표현들

 1. to marry (...)  ->  to get married (O)
       to marry가 문법적으로 틀린 표현은 아니지만, 어색한 표현.

 2. to prepare for test(x)  -> to study for a test (O)
      cf) prepare for an interview
           prepare for a class
           prepare for a trip
      *'시험을 준비하다'라는 의미로는 prepare를 쓰지 않는다. !!!
       

 3. scared for (x)  -> scared of sth (O)
     e.g) dream of, afraid of

Questions

1. What's the worst delay you've ever experienced on a flight?
      present perfect simple vs present perfect continuous의 의미상의 차이
     * have been cancelled on  a flight ; 당시 그 특정한 비행기만 취소된것을 의미
       have been canceling the flight all day; all day가 하루 종일을 뜻하므로, 하루 종일 취소되는 것이 반복되었던 것을 의미!(repeated or continuous activity->present perfect continuous)
2. Do you have an exam at the end of the course or does your teacher test your English every week?
3. Do you ever shout when you're angry or do you take a deep breath and count to ten?
     *He was shouting at me, so I got really annoyed.
      -shout at sbd: ~에게 가까이서 소리친다는 의미. (지랄 하는거지)
      -shout to sbd/sth(direction etc): 에게/를 향해 큰 소리로 말한다는 의미. 

     *nag sbd: 잔소리 하다. 바가지 긁다. 
     
4. Would you ever queue overnight for a product you've seen in a sale?

5. When you're cooking, do you weigh everything exactly or do you just make a guess?

6. Is the best cure for a headache to take a pill or just to relax?

7. Do you think people should get a fine for driving too fast or should they lose their license?

8. In a restaurant, do you complain if the service is bad?
    Do you always tip the waiter if it's good?
    * make a complaint. 
      complain about~
      to rant and rage about sth       (rant: 고함치다, 큰소리로 불평하다)
         e.g) He ranted all night about the bad service. 

    * spit at sbd  ~에게 침을 뱉다
      spit in public/the street 거리 또는 공공장소에 침을 뱉다. 
     
     
9. Would you ever lie or do you always tell the truth?
    *to tell a white lie <-> direct person

10. When you compare yourself to other people, are you quite calm or are you often in a hurry?

Useful expressions for answering to the above questions...

1. I tend to~
2. No, I wouldn't.
3. Yes, I think...
4. For me, ~
5. I think...
6. I always/sometimes/rarely/never~
7. It really depends on ~
8. It really gets on my nerves.....
9. It gets on my nerves~(situation)
    He really gets on my nerves, because...(person)
10. people talking loudly(people/situation) drives me up the wall. (=drives me round the bend)
     * up the wall: 미친, 화가 난
       round the bend: 미친, 머리가 돈
        e.g) she's gone completely round the bend. 
               I'll go round the bend. 미쳐 버리겠어 

11. do the washing up: only for the plates
      =do the dishes
      do the washing: clothes(미국식: do the laundry)
 
12. to brag/boast about sth: 자랑하다. 떠벌리다. (negative)
      *his performance is nothing to brag about. 별로 자랑할 만한게 못된다. 
       Don't brag. 재지(째지) 마라. 
       She's always boasting about how wonderful her child are. 애들 자랑하다. 

13. to flap their wings: 날개를 파닥거리다.
       =flutter


     

Vocabulary

raise
(돈의 액수나 요구 등의 정도를) 높이다.
->It has been raising money for over twenty years to fund projects that help poor and vulnerable people in the UK and across the world's poorest countries. 

eye-opening:(adj)
괄목할 만한, 놀랄 만한.
->My first eye-opening experience was in Busan.
   It's been eye-opening.
   It was an eye-opening experience.

hooting cars: 경적을 울리는 자동차들

unaccustomed:(adj)=not used to
~에 익숙하지 않은
*unaccustomed to: ~에 익숙하지 않은.

worn out:(adj)
닳아서 못쓰게 된, 닳고 닳은, 진부한, 낡은, 헌.

Grammar_Present Perfect Simple and Continuous

Present perfect simple(단순현재완료): 예전에 일어났던 일이 지금까지 이르고 있을 때,
또는 종료된 경우.
Present perfect continuous(현재완료진행):예전에 일어났던 일이 지금에도 영향을 미치고 있음을 생생하게 표현하고자 하는 차이.

[Rules]

1. 둘 다 사용 가능한 경우

    ;activity or state which started in the past and continues up to now
   ->I've been working here for a year. (O)
      I've worked here for a year(O)
   ->It has been raising money for over twenty years. (O)
      It has raised money for over twenty years. (O)

2. Use the present perfect simple

    ; (1) with a state verb; 상태동사는 진행의 의미를 가지고 있으므로 진행형 쓰지 않음.
         ->I've had this nose on since 8 o'clock this morning
           *상태동사: 존재- be, become, exist, consist
                             감각- see, hear, smell, feel, sound, taste
                             외관: look, seem, appear, resemble, weigh
                             생각: think, believe, understand, mean, know, doubt, forget, remember, aree, disagree...
                             소유: have, own, possess, belong
                             감정: love, fear, envy, like, dislike, prefer, hate, mind, appreciate
                             소망: want, need, wish, hope
       (2) for a completed action
          ->I've closed the shop.
       (3) for a completed result, in answer to how much/many?
          ->To date, it has raised money over half a billion pounds.

3. Use the present perfect continuous

    ; (1) for a repeated or continuous activity. 
          ->We've been dancing for twelve hours.
       (2) when there is present evidence of a recent activity. 

Vocabulary_social issues

Useful language

Vocabulary

1. Two for one deal: If you go, your friend can come for free.
2. matinee performance: an afternoon show.
3. deposit: you need to pay part of the cost now, but this money can't be returned.
4. first come first served: you can't book a place, just get there early.
5. sign up: put your name on a list for a course.
6. limited run: It's only on for a short time.
7. fill in your details: write your name, etc. on a form.

Useful Expressions

1. I'd like to enquire about a course.
   *enquire (about sbd/sth) 문의하다. 묻다.
    I called the station to enquire about train times.
2. The situation is that I booked myself onto a course through your website yesterday, and now I'd like to change.
3. Bear with me a minute.
     =Hold on please.
     =Can you hold on a minute?

4. Sorry to keep you (waiting).
    Thank you for your patience.

4. I was wondering if it would be possible for me to change to that group.
5. I appreciate that, but for this course you need to do a level test in person.
   *in person: 몸소, 직접.
6. Can you tell me why I have to do it in person?
7. Would there be any chance of doing the level test on the phone?
9. Do you mind me asking what it involves?
10. Sorry to be difficult. It's just that...
11. I'd really appreciate you help.
12. The problem is, that's leaving it very late and we might have other applicants.
13. I'd be really grateful if you could hold a place for me till Saturday morning.
14. I've got one more question, if I'm not keeping you.
15. Would you mind putting that in an email for me?

Making enquiries

1.  In a hotel reception.

 (1) Are there any available room? 방 있나요?
 (2) I have a reservation.  예약했습니다.
 (3) I'd like to check in. 체크인 하고 싶습니다.
 (4) I'd like to a room with a nice view. 전망 좋은 방을 원합니다.
 (5) I'll arrive late, but please keep my reservation. 늦을 것 같은데 예약 취소하지 말아주세요.
 (6) Can I stay one more night? 하루 더 묵을 수 있을까요?
 (7) What's the check out time? 체크 아웃 시간은 언제인가요?
 (8) Do you accept credit card? 카드 되나요?
 (9) What's this charge for? 이 요금은 무엇에 관한 것인가요?
 (10) I had a coke from the mini-bar. 방냉장고에서 콜라 마셨어요.
 (11) Can you give me a different room? 다른 방 주실 수 있나요?

2. In a restaurant

 (1)We'd like to order now, please.
 (2)Do I need to make a reservation? 예약해야 하나요?
 (3)I'd like to book a table for two, please.
 (4)I'd like a table by the window.
 (5) Can you give me another table, please?
 (6) Can we have the bill(check), please?
 (7) I'll have a piece of toast and a cup of coffee.
 (8) This dinner's on me. 저녁은 제가 살게요.
 (9) Do you have any special deal or combo? 특별 할인이나 세트 메뉴 없나요?
 (10) Can I order wine by the glass?

3. in a flight check-in desk.

 (1)I'd like to change my seat.
 (2) Can I have an upgrade?
 (3) Is there any possibility to have an upgrade?...
 (4) What's the gate number?
 (5) Is the plane on schedule? 비행기가 제시간에 출발하나요?

Making Indirect sentences

 (1)I was wondering if I could....
 (2)Could you tell me how much the deposit is?
 (3)Do(would) you mind me asking how old are you?
 (4) I'd be interested to know how you organise the cooking.
 (5) Can I ask you how noisy it is?
 (6) Do you know how soon the room will be available?

Word Formation

~ion	~ment	~ity/ety	~ness
Frustration Satisfaction Exhaustion	Embarrassment disappointment	Similarity Generosity anxiety	Awkwardness Nervousness (anxiousness)

Idioms describing character and personality